I'd say no for dynamic and condenser mics. Impedances won't go together well and there's probably a bias voltage on the microphone part of the TRRS socket which won't work for condenser mics and will affect dynamic mics negatively.

It would work with a good quality electret microphone though, one that works off a bias voltage rather than with phantom power. But these mics usually don't come with XLR plugs but with mini-jacks in various configurations.